Pediatric
neurology deals with the analysis and management of neurological conditions
in newborns, infants, children and adolescents. The discipline of child
neurology involves Cerebrovascular Disease, Demyelinating Disease,
Developmental and Behavioral Problems, Genetic Disorders that affect people in
these age groups. The advancements paved way for the pediatric neurologists to
deal with conditions that vary considerably, from relatively simple disorders
to more complex and infrequent conditions such as metabolic disease or
Neurodegenerative Disorders.
If a child has problems that involve the nervous system, a pediatric
neurologist has the specialist training and knowledge to judge, diagnose and
treat the child. The conditions dealt with by pediatric neurologists vary
considerably, from relatively simple disorders such as migraine or cerebral
palsy through to more complex and rare conditions such as metabolic disease or
neurodegenerative disorders.
Examples of the types of conditions encountered by specialists in this
field include:
- Genetic
diseases of the nervous system
- Congenital
metabolic abnormalities that affect the nervous system
- Congenital
birth defects affecting the brain and spinal cord such as spina bifida
- Neurological
developmental problems during childhood
- Childhood
epilepsy
- Febrile
seizures
- Movement
disorders such as cerebral
palsy
- Progressive
neuromuscular
conditions such as muscular dystrophy
- Abnormal
mental development, speech disabilities and learning disabilities
- Autism
spectrum disorders
- Behavioral
disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Headaches
and migraine
- Hydrocephalus
or excess fluid build-up in the brain
- Head
injuries and their complications
- Brain
tumors
- Hospice
and palliative medicine
- Neuromuscular
medicine
- Sleep
disorders
- Vascular
neurology
- Intellectual
disability
Pediatric neurologists
act as consultants to primary care physicians, who may refer children to the
neurologists for specialist care. For children with long-term neurological
ailments, the pediatric neurologist provides regular care and consultation.
Child neurologists
are found in a variety of medical environments ranging from children’s
hospitals through to outpatient practices, university medical centers and
private clinics. They combine their understanding of diagnosis and treatment of
the nervous system with expertise in childhood disorders and children’s special
needs.
Overall, about 40%
to 50% of the patients treated in a typical pediatric neurology practice have
epilepsy, while 20% have learning difficulties or developmental problems and
20% are suffering from headaches. The remainder are treated for rare or unusual
conditions such as metabolic or genetic disease. Many centers are equipped with
the specialized facilities and knowledge needed to treat very specific
disorders such as rare neurodegenerative conditions, intractable epilepsy or pediatric
stroke.
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